Chapter 4
Marino: eiseamláir den bhruachbhaile gairdíneach
MARINO: A MODEL GARDEN SUBURB
Go dtí seo, is é Marino ceann de na scéimeanna tithíochta sóisialta is iomráití in Éirinn. Mar eiseamláir rathúil de dhearadh bruachbhaile gairdíneach, ón tús bhí sé ina eiseamláir den mhéid a d’fhéadfadh Bardas Bhaile Átha Cliath (agus an Rialtas náisiúnta nua) a bhaint amach. Níos tabhachtaí fós, chuir sé tithíocht d’ardchaighdeán agus chompordach ar fáil do go leor teaghlach.
Marino is to this day one of the most celebrated social housing schemes in Ireland. Heralded as a successful example of garden suburb design, it was always intended to be a model of what Dublin Corporation (and the new national Government) could achieve. More importantly, it also provided quality, comfortable housing for many families.
Newly occupied houses at Casino Road, Croydon Park, Marino, c. 1926. Courtesy of G. & T. Crampton Archive / Joe Brady.
Aerial view of Marino with its distinctive geometric layout. Note the different roof colours due to the variety of materials used. Courtesy of Joe Brady.
Begun in 1924 under the ‘million pound scheme’, Marino was intended as a model scheme with superior dwellings. It was the largest scheme built by Dublin Corporation so far, with almost 1300 five-roomed houses in two sections (431 on the original Marino site and 852 in Croydon Park). Built by four main contractors: H. & J. Martin, G. & T. Crampton, John Kenny, and Paul Kossel, a German firm, the new garden suburb ideas and standards were adopted, including a low-density geometric layout with varied house styles grouped around open green areas and culs-de-sac. All houses were ‘parlour type’ with a living room, parlour, scullery, larder, bathroom, three bedrooms, water closet (w.c.) and coal cellar. All had front and back gardens, and allotments were included to the rear.
The houses were not for rent, but would instead be sold through ‘tenant purchase’. Over time the ‘purchase rental’ paid the house price and the tenant eventually became the owner. Selling the houses reduced ongoing costs for the Corporation and was preferable to renting weekly tenancies out at uneconomic rents. It was also hoped home ownership would inspire ‘greater civic spirit’. However, only better-off workers with stable incomes could afford these houses. The poorest tenement dwellers would only benefit when the rooms vacated by families moving to Marino became available to rent. Between 1924 and 1929 almost the entire 2,436 units of housing built by Dublin Corporation were sold by tenant purchase.
Over 4,400 responses were received to the public advertisement for the first 248 houses. The houses were sold in 1925 with a repayment term of 40 years at 5% per annum for between £400 and £440, depending on house type and location. No deposit was required and those who had the funds could pay for the property outright.
As part of this model suburb, Dublin Corporation initially intended building houses with higher specifications on the main roads (‘frontages’) into Marino, but this was not financially possible. Instead, these frontages were reserved for ‘better-class residences and business premises’. These proved so successful that a ‘reserved areas’ policy was followed for all future Dublin Corporation developments.
Newspaper advertisement for Dublin Commercial Public Utility Society houses on the Malahide Road ‘reserved area’ at Marino. The conditions of the lease required the average building cost to be not less than £750 per house.
Table showing charges for Marino houses, 1924.
Residential shops at Marino Mart, designed by H.T. O’Rourke to provide an appropriate ‘frontage’ to the scheme. Courtesy of G. & T. Crampton Archive / Joe Brady.
FIND OUT MORE:
Chapter 6
DRUMCONDRA: A REFLECTION OF NATIONAL ISSUES
Chapter 5
LEGISLATION IN 1924 & 1925 AND ‘ASSISTED PRIVATE ENTERPRISE’
Chapter 7